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Background: The adaptations of “term” and “preterm” newborns to the world are quite different, but one of the important problems for both groups during these periods is to provide temperature control of the newborn, to reduce its exposure to light, and to provide ambient sound control. One of the important criteria in the postpartum adaptation of newborn babies is the attempts to increase environmental comfort. In providing comfort; ambient factors such as noise, light, heat, are tried to be controlled. Aim and Objectives: It is aimed to increase comfort by optimizing the environmental conditions of the baby in the Autonomous Controlled Integrated System for Increasing Comfort in Newborn Babies, which will be designed within the scope of this study. Materials and Method: To summarize the integrated system, the autonomously controlled integrated system to be designed and produced within the scope of the project generally consists of three main modules. These modules can be summarized as analyzing the environmental conditions, making decisions based on artificial intelligence depending on the analyzed environmental conditions, and reporting the operations performed to the users using different communication channels. In this structure, first of all; The integrated system designed will measure the cradle environment and baby body temperature in real-time to increase baby comfort. The system will evaluate the measurement values obtained in the second module on the artificial intelligence map and generate commands for the environment to reach optimum conditions. To summarize this module, noise measurement in the integrated system will be measured in decibels with sound level measurement devices. In cases where babies are exposed to excessive noise, system stimulation will be activated and the ambient noise will be reduced, thus protecting the baby from the harmful effects of excessive noise. The light intensity of the lighting environment where the baby's environment is located will be kept in the range of a minimum of 10 lux and a maximum of 600 lux mentioned in the literature. By performing system simulation below or above this range, the user will be informed and the environment will be brought to optimum conditions. In addition to monitoring the environment, the recorded sound data will also make predictions based on artificial intelligence about the baby's needs or problems, according to the baby's crying pattern. In the third module, the system will ensure that the real-time transaction process is reported to the user and the family health center. Results: As a result, with the integrated system that will be designed and produced, it will be possible to intervene in real-time based on artificial intelligence technology to the changes in the environment where the baby is located, and this situation will be reported with real-time data. Conclusion: Thus, baby comfort will be increased, family anxiety level will be reduced, and changes in the baby's environment will be reported in real-time.

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Context: Literature has no consensus over the utility of enameloplasty before fissure sealant placement. Aim: The objective of the study was to explore the effect of enameloplasty using a scanned electron microscope on the adaptability of resin-modified glass ionomer versus flowable resin-based sealants. Settings and Design: An in vitro, experimental study was done from July to November 2017 at the NED University and Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan. Materials and Methods: An in vitro experimental study was done, for which twenty extracted human molars and premolars were selected. They were divided into two groups on the basis of sealant type (resin-modified glass ionomer versus flowable resin-based sealant). The groups were further subdivided on the basis whether these were subjected to enameloplasty or not. All specimens were thermocycled, sectioned, dried, and gold sputtered before inspection under a scanning electron microscope (×50). Statistical Analysis Used: The adaptability of the sealant material in the tooth fissures was assessed on an ordinal scale. SPSS version 23.0 was used for data analysis. Mann–Whitney U-test and ordinal regression were applied at 0.05 level of significance. Results: There were no statistically significant differences between adaptability scores achieved with resin-modified glass ionomer-based sealant and flowable resin-based sealant (P = 0.96). Moreover, enameloplasty resulted in inferior adaptability of the two sealant materials (P = 0.02). Conclusions: Enameloplasty has shown to exert a negative influence over adaptation of the sealant material into the tooth fissure irrespective of the sealant chemistry.

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Introduction: In our study, we have compared the efficacy of dentin bone graft for purpose of ridge preservation and have compared it with autogenous bone graft (ABG). A total of 15 patients were included in this study requiring extraction of bilaterally impacted third molar. On the one side, the socket was filled with processed dentin graft prepared after extraction of the third molar, and on the other side, the socket was filled with ABG harvested from external oblique ridge. The two were compared on the basis of various soft tissue and hard tissue parameters. Aims: This study aimed to evaluate and compare the efficacy of the dentin autograft with ABG for preservation of socket defect after removal of mandibular third molars clinically and radiographically. Materials and Methods: A total of 15 patients were included undergoing extraction for bilaterally impacted third molar. The socket on one side after extraction was filled with processed dentin from the same extracted tooth, and the other side of the socket was filled with ABG harvested from the external oblique ridge. Results: It was seen that dentin graft had the regenerative properties and showed potential for ridge preservation. Conclusions: Ridge preservation is essential for placement of implant and other prostheses. Preservation of ridge immediately after extraction bypasses the need for extensive ridge augmentation procedure. Hence, dentin graft can be used for this purpose as it has potential for bone regeneration.

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Background: Since the introduction of COVID vaccine, there has been a palpable decline in the disease morbidity and mortality. In addition to the vaccine, adherence to preventive measures is of prime importance when it comes to the prevention of disease spread. The available evidence reiterates the need to maintain the preventive precautions until the attainment of the target vaccination coverage. There exists a gap regarding the data on adherence to self-care practices after the introduction of the vaccine in the community. Objectives: To assess the adherence to preventive behaviors against COVID-19 among vaccinated adults in central Kerala. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted among adults aged between 25 and 65 years in Pathanamthitta District, Central Kerala. Variables were expressed using the percentages and proportions. The Chi-square test was used for the comparison of proportions across groups. Logistic regression analyses were used to find out the determinants of nonadherence. The qualitative data collected were analyzed using the thematic analysis and classified into themes and subthemes. Results: The study showed that 134 out of 235 (57%) were adherent to COVID preventive behavior. Education of the study participants was found to be significantly associated with nonadherent behavior. The study reconnoitered a gap in practicing the preventive measures for COVID-19. Conclusion: Continuing adherence to preventive measures is necessary to combat the COVID-19 pandemic till or beyond the desired level of vaccination coverage is attained.

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Objective: Outreach activities are one of the essential components of dental education that would help the students understand the community's oral health needs. The study aimed to engage dental undergraduate students in measuring their oral health status using four dental indices among middle school students. Subjects and Methods: The study was conducted as a part of an oral health education program in two public schools in Jeddah. Consent was obtained from both school students and parents. Two calibrated examiners measured the dental status using Ramfjord's calculus index, decayed, missing, and filled teeth (DMFT) index, simplified debris index, and modified gingival index. An independent statistician did data analysis using SPSS ver 23. Results: Male students showed statistically significant higher scores for debris index, calculus index, and gingival index compared to female students (P < 0.001). The mean D and M component DMFT indices were significantly higher in female students (P < 0.001). Conclusions: The variations in oral health status between students can be attributed to differences in oral hygiene practices and other sociodemographic factors, including ethnicity and socioeconomic status. This study showed a positive learning experience for dental students in assessing the oral health status of schoolchildren.

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Background: Noma is a quickly progressing and neglected opportunistic infection which if left untreated can result in a sequelae of severe facial destruction and death. Early detection and prompt treatment is paramount to the prevention of its sequelae. The aim of this study, was therefore, to evaluate the knowledge, attitude and practices of primary healthcare workers towards Noma in Sokoto state, Nigeria. Methodology: This was a cross-sectional study approved by the Sokoto State ministry of health. Participants consented were recruited using self-administered questionnaire between July, 2022 and August, 2022.The questionnaire consisted of 10 and 16 questions covering the domains of knowledge and, attitude/practices respectively. The total score for each domain was obtained and then categorized as low (less than or equals to 50%), fair (51 to 69%) and good (70% and above). Data was analyzed using SPSS version 25. Results: A total of 251 participants filled and returned the questionnaires. There were 151(60.2%) males and 100(39.8%) females in the age range of 22-57years with a mean±SD of 34.9±8.5 years. Out of 251 participants, 210(83.7%) were aware of Noma. The total score recorded in both the knowledge and attitude/practice domains were 75% and 78% respectively. Conclusion: The basic knowledge and attitude/practices of NOMA among primary healthcare workers in our clime was good. Therefore, there is need for continuing medical education among this groups of healthcare workers considering their role as the first contact health personnel in the community.

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